Mesmer, H. A. E. (2020, January 23). There Are Four Foundational Reading Skills. Why Do We Only Talk About Phonics?. Retreived January 31, 2020.

Here’s the good news: Most educators have gotten the message that K-5 students need to learn the foundational reading skills outlined in the common core and other college and career-ready standards: print concepts, phonological awareness, phonics and word recognition, and fluency. The bad news? The foundational skills instruction that students receive is too often incomplete and ineffective. Districts are “checking” the foundational skills box but are using practices of questionable quality and not addressing all of the foundational skills.