Steineke, N. (2018, April 26). ASCD Express 13.16 – The Keys to Content-Area Writing: Short, Frequent, and Shared. Retrieved May 8, 2018

An overabundance of testing, rubrics, and uncomfortable feedback has taught students that school writing is best completed with as little personal investment as possible. As a result, many of our student writers are members of the “writing wounded” (Vopat, 2009): students who involuntarily groan whenever writing is assigned. The most severely wounded put their heads down and refuse to write. The less outwardly wounded write only to get the job done, expecting (and probably receiving) a low grade that reaffirms their identity as untalented writers who will never get any better.