Literacy instruction is a whole-school task that is the responsibility of content teachers as well as English-language arts educators, write educators Margarita Calderon, Leticia Trowerand Lisa Tartaglia. In this article, they explain that school subjects have varied literacy needs that should be taught along with content, including examples, to enable students “to access, analyze, navigate, and create messages from a wide variety of genres, text types, text structures, and media.”