Rodriguez, A. (2018, February 8). Disengagement Problems Disguised as Discipline Problems. Retrieved February 27, 2019

The pulse of a school is felt in its routines—the bells that mark time in predictable, 45-minute increments, the thrumming beat of students’ footsteps and hum of their chatter as they transition from one class to another—the steady sounds that are as natural to those who inhabit school buildings as breathing. All too often included in the acoustics of a regular school day is the cacophony of disengagement. The disengaged raise their voices, march out of the classrooms, wander the hallways; and when they do, they are disproportionately represented by our most vulnerable students; our black and Latino girls and boys.